Iraq News Now

This time last year, most of Iraq’s historic marshlands were

dry, desiccated by upstream damming and a chronic lack of rainfall.

Now, local farmers are counting their blessings after

unexpected heavy rainfall at the end of 2018 caused the dams to overflow by

early January and water came gushing back to the wetlands in southeastern Iraq.

For Yunus Khalil, a farmer raising water buffalo in the

central marsh, the lack of water meant he had to sell most of his herd at a

loss last year.

“We were terrified the water wouldn’t come back,” Khalil

said. “It would’ve been the end for us.”

The marshes, thought to be the biblical Garden of Eden and

named a UNESCO world heritage site in 2016, are experiencing their highest

water levels since they were reclaimed in 2003, said Jassim al-Asadi, southern

director of local NGO Nature Iraq and a native of the marshlands, which stretch

to the Iran border.

“God knows how much we suffered last year,” Khalil said. “He

protected us.”

Saddam Hussein accused the area’s inhabitants, the Marsh

Arabs, of treachery during the 1980-1988 war with Iran and later drained the

marshes – which before then had stretched across more than 3,700 square miles

(9,583 sq km) – to flush out rebels.

Many residents fled, but after Saddam’s overthrow in 2003,

parts of the marshland were reflooded and around 250,000 Marsh Arabs have

cautiously trickled back.

Many had moved to farmland in nearby provinces, or went to

live in exile in Iran. Their years away brought a change to the vibrant local

culture, residents say, and more conservative norms, particularly regarding the

role of women who have long worked alongside men in the marshes.

“You used to hear women singing as they pushed their boats

through the marshes at dawn,” said Taher Mehsin, a fishermen in his late 60s.

“Now, some of the men won’t let their women out of the house.”

NEW PROBLEMS

The area has been home to the Marsh Arabs for millennia, and

water is essential to maintaining their way of life.

Though many were eager to return home after two decades

away, life in the marshes is tough and revolves around fishing and raising

water buffalo. The few schools and government-run health clinics are miles away

from the open water, where many people live without electricity.

Residents have to make daily trips on long wooden boats to

buy bottled water for themselves and their families – as the surrounding waters

are too salty to drink.

Years of low water levels have caused other problems,

including less tall grass for the buffalo to graze on, and a drop in the

variety of fish.

The local carp, previously local fishermen’s best seller,

hasn’t been seen in the waters here all year. Instead, the fishermen and women

now catch just one type of small fish which most don’t recall having seen until

recently.

After casting their nets the previous night, they haul their

take at dawn to local buyers, who are currently paying around $2.50 (3,000

dinars) a kilo after haggling – a 50 percent drop in price compared to 2017.

“What else can we do?” said Mehsin as he pushed his boat out

from the shore, having netted $10 (12,000 Iraqi dinars) for his day’s take.

“Water is life here. Fish and animals can’t live without it,

and neither can we.”