Trump’s election has boosted Israeli settlement construction
Israel’s government went on a spending binge in its West
Bank settlements following the election of President Donald Trump, according to
official data obtained by The Associated Press.
Both supporters and detractors of the settlement movement
have previously referred to a “Trump effect,” claiming the president’s
friendlier approach to the settlements is leading to additional West Bank
construction.
While the new Israeli figures obtained in a freedom of
information request do not prove a direct connection, they indicate this
process may already be underway, showing a 39% increase in 2017 spending on
roads, schools and public buildings across the West Bank.
Hagit Ofran, a researcher with the anti-settlement
monitoring group Peace Now, said it appears that Trump’s election has
emboldened Israel’s pro-settler government.
“They are not shy anymore with what they are doing,” she
said. “They feel more free to do whatever they want.”
Nabil Abu Rdeneh, spokesman for Palestinian President
Mahmoud Abbas, offered even sharper criticism. “This proves that the current US
administration encouraged settlement activities,” he said.
Since capturing the West Bank and east Jerusalem in the 1967
Mideast war, Israel has settled some 700,000 of its citizens in the two areas,
which are considered occupied territory by most of the world. The international
community has objected to Israel’s moving people into settlements in those
territories as both illegal and a deliberate obstacle to any future Palestinian
state.
The Palestinians, who claim both the West Bank and east
Jerusalem as parts of their future state, consider the settlements illegal land
grabs. Scores of fast-growing settlements control strategic hilltops and swaths
of the West Bank, making it increasingly difficult to partition the territory.
For decades, the international community and the US have
expressed concern over the settlements while doing little to halt their
construction. But since taking office, Trump, whose inner circle of Mideast
advisers have longstanding ties to the settler movement, has taken a different
approach. The White House has urged restraint but refrained from the blanket
condemnations of its Republican and Democratic predecessors.
“The Trump administration is undoubtedly the most friendly
American administration of all time,” said Oded Revivi, the chief foreign envoy
of the Yesha settlers’ council. “In contrast, the Obama years were extremely
hard for Israel. Now we are making up for lost ground.”
The government statistics, released by Israel’s Finance
Ministry, showed Israeli spending in the West Bank in 2017, Trump’s first year
in office, rose to 1.65 billion shekels, or $459.8 million, from 1.19 billion
shekels in 2016.
The 2017 figures were the highest in the 15 years of data
provided by the Finance Ministry, though spending also climbed in 2016. At the
time, President Barack Obama, a vocal critic of the settlements, was a lame
duck, and relations with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu were cool.
In contrast, the lowest year of Israeli spending was 2009,
when both Netanyahu and Obama took office, when it was 760.7 million shekels.
The data included only the first half of 2018, so full-year comparisons were
not available.
The ministry released the data after two years of requests
from the AP, which received backing early this year from “The Movement for
Freedom of Information,” a legal advocacy group that assists journalists.
The figures include only government spending, so
construction and purchases of private homes are not included. Israel also does
not include items like police, education, health and military spending, saying
such services are provided to all Israelis regardless of where they live.
In addition, spending in east Jerusalem is excluded. Israel
considers the area part of its capital, although the vast majority of the world
does not recognize its annexation.
But even with these caveats, the data provide a valuable
snapshot of Israel’s priorities. The figures include spending on public
construction projects, such as roads, schools, social centers, synagogues,
shopping malls and industrial parks. They also include special development
grants for local governments and mortgage subsidies.
The areas with the strongest growth in 2017 were in school
construction, which jumped 68%, and road construction, which rose 54%.
Revivi, who is also mayor of the Efrat settlement near
Jerusalem, said the spending was badly needed.
He said that school spending was legally required because of
the fast-growing population. He also said that roads in the West Bank have been
in “dire condition” for years, and there is a drastic need for improvements.
Netivei Yisrael, the public company that oversees road
construction, said it carries out its projects at the instruction of the
Transportation Ministry. In the West Bank, these projects often allow settlers
to bypass Palestinian villages to minimize friction.
In a statement, the company said it is “proud to lead a long
line of projects throughout Israel, including Judea and Samaria, with the goal
of improving safety for travelers and saving lives.”
Israel’s Education Minister Naftali Bennett declined to
comment, while Transportation Minister Israel Katz did not respond to a query.
Both men are strong supporters of the settlements. Netanyahu’s office also did
not answer a request for comment.
But Peace Now’s Ofran said that road construction has deeper
implications. She said new roads bring easier commutes and a better quality of
life for settlers, drawing more people.
“We see it very immediately, after the opening of a road, a
big boom in construction along the road,” she said. “I think the investments we
have these years in the roads are dramatic and will allow the expansion of
settlements dramatically. That is very much worrying.”
After winning re-election last month, Netanyahu is in the
process of forming a new coalition that also is expected to have close ties
with the settlers.
In recent months, both Peace Now and settler advocates have
released reports claiming that Trump’s policies have laid the groundwork for a
settlement boom in the near future.
In a statement, the US Embassy in Jerusalem repeated the
White House policy. “While the existence of settlements is not in itself an
impediment to peace, further unrestrained settlement activity doesn’t help
peace,” it said.
The new data added to Palestinian distrust of the US, boding
poorly for a new peace plan the administration says it is preparing.
The Palestinian Authority cut off ties with the White House
after Trump recognized Jerusalem as Israel’s capital in December 2017 and
subsequently moved the American Embassy to the contested city. US cuts of
hundreds of millions of dollars of aid for the Palestinians have further
poisoned the atmosphere.
Claiming the Trump administration is unfairly biased, the
Palestinians already have said they will reject any US peace plan.
Abu Rdeneh, the Palestinian spokesman, said the numbers are
“another reason why we think that the US plan is unfair.”
The Finance Ministry data is collected each year and shared
with the US, which under a policy going back to President George H.W. Bush
deducts the sum from loan guarantees for Israel.
It also includes a small, but unspecified sum spent in the
Golan Heights. Just a few thousand Israeli settlers live in the Golan, and
Peace Now said the sums spent there were “not significant.”