Rebels on a lightning advance through Syria said on Saturday they have begun to encircle Damascus as government forces denied they had withdrawn from areas near the capital.
"Our forces have begun the final phase of encircling the capital, Damascus," said rebel commander Hassan Abdel Ghani, with the Islamist-led alliance that launched the offensive.
The defence ministry flatly denied the army had fled positions near the city.
"There is no truth to news claiming our armed forces, present in all areas of the Damascus countryside, have withdrawn," it said.