In 2016, Anbar provincial capital Ramadi is recaptured and Iraqi forces retake Fallujah.
In July 2017, then Iraqi prime minister Haider al-Abadi declares victory in Mosul after a nearly nine-month offensive led by a federal force backed by coalition air strikes.
In August, the last major IS urban stronghold in northern Iraq, Tal Afar, is declared free, as is the whole of Nineveh province.
On December 9, Abadi declares victory in Iraq’s three-year war against IS. Backed by US-led air strikes, Kurdish forces in January 2015 drive the jihadists out of the city of Kobane, on the Turkish border.
In August 2016, the US-backed Kurdish-Arab alliance known as the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) recaptures Manbij in Aleppo province.
Backed by Turkish tanks and air force, rebels retake Jarabulus, and then, in February 2017, Al-Bab, the last IS bastion in Aleppo province.
In March 2017, Syrian troops backed by Russian jets recapture the ancient desert town of Palmyra.
The oasis city had traded hands several times during the war and become a symbol of the jihadists’ destruction of priceless cultural heritage in areas under their control.
In October 2017, the SDF announces the full recapture of Raqqa city, capital of the eponymous province.
In September 2018, the coalition launches an offensive against IS pockets in Deir ez-Zor province.
On March 23 2019, the SDF announces the defeat of the “caliphate” after seizing control of Baghouz, IS’s final bastion in eastern Syria along the border with Iraq.
For the first time in five years, Baghdadi purportedly appears in a propaganda video released Monday by the jihadist organisation.
The date the footage was filmed is unclear but in the video Baghdadi refers in the past tense to the fight for Baghouz.
AFP