Baghdad
Iraq’s shrunken and conflict-scarred Christian community is launching a new television channel as part of efforts to save their dying language, spoken for more than 2,000 years.
Syriac, an ancient dialect of Aramaic, has traditionally been the language spoken by Christians in Iraq and neighbouring Syria, mostly in homes but also in some schools and during church services.
However, Syriac-speaking communities in the two countries have declined over the years, owing to decades of conflict driving many to seek homes in safer countries. In Iraq, the Christian population is thought to have fallen by more than two-thirds in just over two decades.
“It’s true that we speak Syriac at home, but unfortunately I feel that our language is disappearing slowly but surely,” said Mariam Albert, a news presenter on the Syriac-language Al-Syriania television channel.
Iraq’s government launched the channel in April to help keep the language alive. It has around 40 staff and offers a variety of programming, from cinema to art and history.
“It is important to have a television station that represents us,” said Albert, a 35-year-old mother.
Many programmes are presented in a dialect form of Syriac but Albert said the channel’s news bulletins are broadcast only in classical Syriac, a form not widely understood by everyone.
The goal of Al-Syriania is “to preserve the Syriac language” through “entertainment”, said station director Jack Anwia.
“Once upon a time, Syriac was a language widespread across the Middle East,” he said, adding that Baghdad has a duty “to keep it from extinction”.
“The beauty about Iraq is its cultural and religious diversity,” he said.
· ‘Sidelined’ but not dead
Iraq is known as a cradle of civilisations, including the ancient Sumerians and Babylonians, who produced the earliest known written legal code. The country was also home to the city of Ur, which the Bible cites as Abraham’s birthplace.
Today, the country is mostly Shia Muslim but also home to Sunni Muslims, Kurds, Christians, Yazidis and other minorities, while Arabic and Kurdish are the official languages.
Before the 2003 United States-led invasion of the oil-rich country, Iraq was home to around 1.5 million Christians.
In the 20 years since, which included the brutal onslaught of the Islamic State extremist group (ISIS) that swept the country in 2014, their population has declined to roughly 400,000, mostly living in the north.
The Syriac language has been “sidelined”, according to Kawthar Askar, head of the Syriac language department at Salahaddin University in Erbil, in the autonomous Kurdistan region.
“We can’t say it’s a dead language … (but) it is under threat” of disappearing, he said.
The cause is migration, Askar said, adding that families who emigrate often continue speaking Syriac among themselves but later generations abandon it.
Askar’s department teaches the language to around 40 students, with more studying it in Baghdad.
Syriac is also taught at around 265 schools across Iraq, according to Imad Salem Jajjo, responsible for Syriac education within the education ministry.