Al-Nouri Mosque: a historical and architectural examination
Shafaq News/ Islamic architecture, with its rich history and culturalsignificance, has long been a cornerstone of Muslim communities across theMiddle East. The al-Nouri Mosque in Mosul, Iraq, is a quintessential example ofthis heritage. Originally constructed in 1170 CE, the mosque has witnessedcenturies of transformation, destruction, and now, a hopeful reconstruction.
Historical Background
The al-Nouri Mosque, located in the heart of Mosul’s old city, has beena religious and cultural landmark for centuries. Its original structure, builtunder the patronage of Nur ad-Din Zangi, included a prayer hall and a school.The minaret, known as "al-Hadba" or "The Hunchback," is adefining feature of the mosque, characterized by its distinctive silhouette andintricate geometric brickwork. This minaret became a symbol of Mosul and Iraqdue to its unique design.
Over the centuries, the mosque complex underwent numerous renovations.In the 19th century, notable additions included a hospice, a new schoolbuilding, and a Ziyarah (shrine) for Nur ad-Din Zangi. With its seven bands of decorative brickwork, the mosque's minaret stood out prominently against thecity skyline.
Modern Renovations
The early 20th century saw changes to the al-Nouri Mosque. In 1925, theSunni Endowment initiated a renovation project that included interior updatesand the addition of fences, transforming the courtyard into a garden.Subsequent interventions between the 1940s and 2000 included the modernizationof the courtyard and the construction of new ablutions.
The most impactful renovation occurred between 1945 and 1950 when theoriginal prayer hall was demolished and rebuilt. This modernized prayer hall,although different from the original, became a central place of worship for thepeople of Mosul.
Destruction and Conflict
The al-Nouri Mosque's fate took a tragic turn during the Battle of Mosulin 2017. The mosque, along with its famous minaret, was severely damaged andultimately destroyed amid the conflict. The devastation extended beyond the mosqueto include other cultural and religious monuments in Mosul, leaving the city inruins and its inhabitants displaced.
Reconstruction Efforts
In 2018, a collaborative effort between the United Arab Emirates,UNESCO, and Iraq marked a milestone in the reconstruction of Mosul's culturalheritage. The al-Nouri Mosque, along with its minaret, is being rebuilt as partof this historic agreement. The reconstruction project aims to restore themosque, develop public gardens, establish a memorial site, and create a museum.
Current efforts have stabilized the al-Nouri Complex with support fromthe Governorate of Nineveh, the Ministry of Culture of Iraq, the SunniEndowment, and the Mayorship of Mosul.
